The use of electricity to immobilize and paralyze animals to hold them still is very aversive and bad for animal welfare.
Electro-immobilization must not be confused with electric stunning. When electric stunning is correctly applied a high amperage current is passed through the brain which renders the animal instantly unconscious.
When electro-immobilization is used a very small current is passed through the body that paralyzes the muscles. It does NOT make the animal unconscious and insensible to pain. The animal is paralyzed, but remains conscious. The animal may not be able to vocalize or struggle because the muscles are paralyzed.
Grandin, T., S. E. Curtis, T. M. Widowski, and J. C. Thurmon. (1986)Electro-immobilization versus mechanical restraint in an avoid-avoid choice test for ewes
Journal of Animal Science 62:1469-1480Lambooy, E. (1985)
Electroanesthesia or electroimmobilisation of calves, sheep and pigs with the Feenix Stockstill
Veterinary Quarterly 7: 120-126Pascoe, P. J. (1986)
Humaneness of a electroimmobilization unit in cattle
American Journal of Veterinary Research 47:2252-2256Rushen, J., and Congdon, P. (1986)
Sheep may be more averse to electro-immobilization than shearing
Australian Veterinary Journal 63:373-374Rushen, J. (1986)
Aversion of sheep to electro-immobilization and physical restraint
Applied Animal Behaviour Science 15:315-324Rushen, J. (1986)
Using aversion learning techniques to assess the mental state, suffering, and welfare of Farm Animals
Journal of Animal Science 74: 1990-1995